Mammals or lactating animals are a group of vertebrate animals that nurse their young. Phylogenetically, mammals are derived from monotremes and therian mammals.
A characteristic feature of mammals is the presence of mammary glands in females that provide food/drink for their offspring. Additionally, mammals have fur or hair and are warm-blooded (endothermic).

In Ujung Kulon National Park, there are about 30 species of mammals, including:
- Ungulate mammals like rhinos, banteng, deer, muntjacs, mouse deer, and wild boars.
- Predator mammals such as leopards, wild dogs, clouded leopards, civets, and wildcats.
- Small mammals like flying squirrels, porcupines, ground squirrels, bats, otters, rats, pangolins, and shrews.
- Primates include two endemic species, the Gibbons and Surili, along with other species like the Crested Lutung, Slow Loris, and Long-tailed Macaques.
Classification
Domain | Eukariota |
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Cordata |
UpaPhylum | Vertebrata |
Clade | Amniota |
Clade | Synapsida |
Clade | Mammaliaformes |
Class | Mammalia |
Characteristics
Most mammals give birth to their offspring, but some, like monotremes, lay eggs. Birth also occurs in many non-mammalian species, such as guppies and hammerhead sharks, so giving birth is not considered a unique characteristic of mammals. Similarly, the endothermic trait is also found in birds.
Common Ancestry
Monotremes do not have nipples but still possess mammary glands, meaning they qualify as mammals. Recent taxonomies often emphasize common ancestry. Diagnostic characteristics are very useful for identifying the origins of an organism. If any member of the Cetacea lacks mammalian characteristics, it is still considered a mammal due to its shared ancestry with other mammals.
Hearing in Mammals
Mammals have three auditory bones in each ear and one bone (dentary) in each side of the lower jaw. Other vertebrates with ears typically have only one auditory bone (the stapes) in each ear and at least three bones on each side of the jaw.
Lactating animals have an integument composed of three layers: the outermost is the epidermis, the middle is the dermis, and the innermost is the hypodermis. The epidermis usually consists of 30 layers of cells that function as a waterproof barrier.
The outermost cells of the epidermis often shed, while the innermost part divides, pushing the daughter cells upward. The dermis is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis and contains various components such as blood vessels and glands. The hypodermis consists of adipose tissue and serves to store fat, provide cushioning, and insulate. The thickness of this layer varies among species.
List of Mammals in Ujung Kulon
Here’s a list of mammals found in Ujung Kulon National Park:
No | Local Name | Latin Name | English Name |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Badak Jawa | Rhinoceros sondaicus | Javan rhinoceros |
2. | Banteng | Bos javanicus | Wild buffalos |
3. | Rusa | Cervus timorensis | Deer |
4. | Kijang | Muntiacus Muncak | Barking deer |
5. | Kancil | Tragulus javanicus | Mouse deer |
6. | Macan Tutul | Panthera pardus | Leopard |
7. | Macan Dahan | Neofelis nebulosa | Clouded leopard |
8. | Kucing Bakau | Felis viverrina | Fishing cat |
9. | Kucing Hutan | Felis bengalensis | Leopard cat |
10. | Anjing Hutan | Cuon alpinus | Red dog/Wild dog |
11. | Babi Hutan | Sus crofa vitalus | Wild pig |
12. | Musang | Vivericula malaceasis | Javan civet |
13. | Luwak | Paradoxurus hermaproditus | Palm civet |
14. | Musang Pohon | Antogalidia triverdata | Yellow civet |
15. | Binturong | Arctitis binturong | Bear cat |
16. | Ganggarangan | Herpectes javanivus | Javan mangoose |
17. | Jeralang | Ratufa bicolor | Blak giant squerrel |
18. | Landak | Hystrix javanica | Javan parcupinae |
19. | Bajing | Callosciurus notatus | Common coconut squirrel |
20. | Tupai Tanah | Tupaia glis | Common tree squirrel |
21. | Tupai Kekes | Tupaia javanica | Small tree shew |
22. | Trenggiling | Manis javanicus | Scaly ant eater |
23. | Tikus rumah | Rattus rattus | House rat |
24. | Tikus pohon | Rattus suriver | Collared field rat |
25. | Tando | Cynocephalus variegatus | Flying lemur |
26. | Kalong | Pterovus vampirus | Flying fox |
27. | Kampret | Hipposideros larvatus | Javan leaf nosed bat |
28. | Bajing Terbang | Petaurista elegans | Flying squirrel |
29. | Monyet/kera | Macac fascicularis | Crab eaten macaque |
30. | Lutung | Tracypithecas auratus | Silvered leaf makey |
31. | Surili | Presbytiscomata | Silvered leaf mankey |
32. | Owa Jawa | Hylobates moloch | Java leaf mankey |
33. | Kukang | Nycticebus coucang | Slow loris |